Gustav hambbuch



(No Model.)

G. HAMBRUGH.

MEANS FOR PRODUGING A VACUUM.

No. 323,325. Patented July 28, 1885.

N. PETERSA FiumLimngnpher, Wn'swngenn, n.12.

Unire Sterns Parleur @tirreno GUSTAV HAMBRUGH, OF BERLIN, GERMAY.

MEANS FOR PRODUCING` A VACUUM.

.EIECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 323,325, dated July 28, 1885.

Application filed September (l, i584. (No model.) Patented in Germany June 22, 1384, No, 30,491; in France July 25, IEM, No. 163,492; in England August 2l, 1884, No. 11,485,- in Belgium October E21, 1884, No. 66,650; in Italy December li, 1F84, XXXIV,

455, unil in Spain March 6, 18H5, No. 4,50?.

To oZZ uhmm, it may 00u/cern;

Be it known that I, GUs'rAv HAMBRUoi-r, engineer, a subject of the King of Prussia, residing at 2l Behrenstrasse, Berlin, Prussia, German Empire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Method of Producing Low Temperatures by Means of a Yacu um in the Manufacture of Ice, or for other purposes; and I do hereby declare the l'ollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make aud use the same, Reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or tigures ol reference marked thereon, which form a part ot' this specification.

This invention relates to the production of cold by rarelaction ofthe air in a close chamber or vessel-that is to say, by producing in said chamber or vessel a vacuum of high degree, as, for instance, in the freezing chamber or chambers ot' an ice-machine, in which the required temperature is obtained by extracting the air from the said chamber and eliminating therefrom its moisture.

The invention is also applicable to other purposcs-as, for instance, for producing a vacuum in vacuum-pans in the manufacture of sugar, or Vfor other purposes.

ln the production of cold by rarefaction of thc air in a ciosed chamber or vessel, it has been the custom to facilitate the production ci" the vacuum to bring the air drawn from the chamber or vessel by the suction apparatus in contact with a water-absorbing liquid-21s, for instance, sul phuric acid`to extract the moisture from the air. Notwithstanding the aid derived from the use of the watenabsorbent, it has been found absolutely necessary to employ coact-ing suction-pumps in order to obtain a practically complete vacuum or a vacuum oi' high degree. Such an apparatus is necessarily complicated and is not materially siin pliticd when one of the two pumps is operated by an injector, as 'has been proposed.`

My invention has ior its object simple :method of producing this vacuum and thereby lowering thc temperature to the required degree by means of a jet of waten absorbing liquid, whereby the air is drawn directly from the chamber or vessel in which said vacuum is to be producedand with which jet said air is brought into contact to extract therefrom its moisture. Such a method has a twofold object'. Not only is the vacuum produced thereby, but the moisture in the air drawn from the chamber or vessel is simultaneously absorbed or-extracted, which materially simpliiies the means usually employed for this purpose.

A still greater and more important advantage is, however, derived from this method, in that a more complete elimination of the aqueous vapors drawn from the chamber or vessel is effected than is the case when said vapors are brought in contact with the mechanically-agitated absorbing-liquid in an absorbing apparatus of usual construction. This absorbing effect may be materially increased `by employing an injectonnozzle having an extended injecting-area*as, for instance, a nozzle having aslitted ejecting-oriiice. Good results are, however, obtained from ordinary injectors, and in experiments made by me I have found that with my improved method I am enabled to produce almost an absolute vacuum in a vessel of a given capacity within about twominutes-an operation requiring, by the method and means heretofore resorted to, at least thirty minutes.

The general arrangement of an apparatus Working according to my improved method consists, essentially, in supplying the waterabsorbing iluid to the injector under suiiicieut pressure and in connecting the suction-chamber of the injector directly with the space iu which thc vacuum is to be produced. To this end it will be found convenient to locate the reservoir containing the liquid water-absorbent at a sufficient height above the injectornozzle, to which reservoir said liquid is returned by a suitable pump. In this manner a circulation is established, whereby I am enabled to cool the absorbing liquid when it be-` fore obvious that during the operation a portion of the absorbing liquid may be continuously diverted from the apparatus, freed from its absorbed aqueous constituents by evaporation, and again returned thereto, so that the action of the liquid will not be affected.

Any suitable water-absorbing agent may be employed-such for instance, as sulphurie acid, sodalye, and other concentrated solutions of the caustic alkalies or alkaline earths, or any other liquid having a great affinity for water either by absorbing the same or entering into chemical combinations therewith.

The apparatus for carrying out my new method of producing a vacuum may be greatly varied in its general construction and arrangement without departing from the essential re-v quirements in its function; and in the accompanying drawings l have shown a construction and arrangement of apparatus that will answer the purposes in view.

Figure 1 is a vertical section of the apparatus. Figs. 2, 3, and et are transverse sections showing various constructions of the injector-nozzle, and Fig. 5 is a vertical section of a modified form of injector.

The injector A is connected by a suitable pipe, a, with the vessel or space in which the vacuum is to be produced, and by means of a stand-pipe, b, with the reservoir B that contains the water-absorbing liquid. It will be seen that when the liquid from B is allowed to pass through t-he injector the air or vapors, or combinedair and gases or vapors, are drawn through pipe a from the space or vessel in which the vacuum is to be produced, and are brought into intimate contact with thej et orj ets of absorbing liquid, whereby the aqueous vapors are absorbed. rPhe absorbing liquid may be directly taken from theinjector as it leaves the same and conducted or forced back to the reservoir B; or it may be allowed to pass into a reservoir, C, and by means of a force-pump, D, forced back into'the reservoir B through a pipe-connection, d.

As above stated. the liquid, in its circulation from the reservoir B through the injector and back again to said reservoir, may be subjected to a cooling agent and cooled whenever it becomes heated by the absorbed gases or vapors, and such liquid may be freed from its aqueous constituents by evaporation by diverting the circulation to and from a suitable evaporating apparatus, so that the liquid may not only be maintained at a given tempera-ture, but at a given degree of concentra- I tion, to obtain the best results.

the nozzle is shown as composed of a series of ejection-oriiicesnn.forming practicallyacompound nozzle. The interior passage of these orifices may have any suitable form in crosssection, either cylindrical, polygonal, or other suitable form. As an example, I have shown in Figs. 4 and 5 nozzles composed of concentric passages n2 n?, the path of the air or gases drawn in at a being indicated by arrows in Fig. 5. -As shown in the latter figure, the gases drawn in at c are not only brought in contact with the outer surface of the liquidcylinders, but also with their inner surfaces, the liquid being ejected in concentric tubular jets.

It is obvious that the described mode of.produeing a vacuum may be applied to other purposes than those setI forth-as, for instance, for cooling liquids, in the manufacture of ice, in the production of currents of cold air, and other purposes.

I would have it understood that I do not desire to limit myself to any specific construction or arrangement of apparatus, as this may be varied according to the purposes for which such apparatus is used without in any way departing from the nature of my invent-ion; but

What I claim isn l. The herein-described mode of producing a vacuum, which consists in exhausting the air from a close chamber or vessel by suction through the medium of a jet of a. liquid waterabsorbent acting to draw the air directly from j said chamber or vessel and bringing said air in direct Contact with the jet, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

2. 'The herein-described mode of producing a vacuum, which consists in exhausting the air from a close chamber or Vessel by suction through the medium of a jet of a liquid waterabsorbent acting to draw the ai'r direetlyi'roni said chamber or vessel, converting the jet into spray, and bringing said air in direct contact with the sprayed liquid, as described, for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature inpresence of two witnesess. I

GUSTAV HAMBRUOH.' V-itnesses:

A. DEMELiUs, B. Roi.

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